1960, Nobel Prizes (Oslo, Norway)

The Nobel Prize in Physics: Donald Arthur Glaser (USA)

For the invention of the bubble chamber.

Donald Arthur Glaser

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Willard Frank Libby (USA)

For his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science.

Willard Frank Libby

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Frank Macfarlane Burnet  (Australia) and Peter Medawar (Brazil / UK)

For discovery of acquired immunological tolerance.

Frank Macfarlane Burnet

Peter Medawar

The Nobel Prize in Literature: Saint-John Perse (France)

For the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time.

Saint-John Perse

The Nobel Peace Prize: Albert Lutuli (South Africa)

For his non-violent struggle against apartheid.

Albert Lutuli

1977, Nobel Prizes (Oslo, Norway)

The Nobel Prize in Physics: Philip W. Anderson (USA), Nevill F. Mott (UK) and John H. Van Vleck (USA)

For their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems.

Philip W. Anderson

Nevill F. Mott

John H. Van Vleck

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Ilya Prigogine (Belgium)

For his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures.

Ilya Prigogine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Rosalyn Yalow (USA) for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones.
Roger Guillemin (France / USA) and Andrew Schally (Poland /USA) for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain.

Rosalyn Yalow

Roger Guillemin

Andrew Schally

The Nobel Prize in Literature: Vicente Aleixandre (Spain)

For a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars.

Vicente Aleixandre

The Nobel Peace Prize: Amnesty International

For worldwide respect for human rights.

logo Amnesty International

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel: Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) and James E. Meade (UK)

For their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements.

Bertil Ohlin

James E. Meade

1971, Nobel Prizes (Oslo, Norway)

The Nobel Prize in Physics: Dennis Gabor (Hungary / UK)

For his invention and development of the holographic method.

Dennis Gabor

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Gerhard Herzberg (Canada)

For his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals.

Gerhard Herzberg

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Earl W. Sutherland Jr. (USA)

For his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones.

Earl W. Sutherland Jr.

The Nobel Prize in Literature: Pablo Neruda (Chile)

For a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams. 

Pablo Neruda

The Nobel Peace Prize: Willy Brandt (West Germany)

For paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West.

Willy Brandt

Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel: Simon Kuznets (USA)

For his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development.

Simon Kuznets

1965, Nobel Prizes (Oslo, Norway)

The Nobel Prize in Physics: Shin'ichirō Tomonaga (Japan), Julian Schwinger (USA) and Richard P. Feynman (USA)

For their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles.

Shin'ichirō Tomonaga

Julian Schwinger

Richard P. Feynman

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Robert Burns Woodward (USA)

For his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis.

Robert Burns Woodward

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: François Jacob (France), André Lwoff (France) and Jacques Monod (France)

For their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis.

François Jacob

André Lwoff

Jacques Monod

The Nobel Prize in Literature: Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (USSR)

For the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people. 

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov

The Nobel Peace Prize: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

For its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states.

1963, Nobel Prizes (Oslo, Norway)

The Nobel Prize in Physics

Eugene Wigner (Hungary / USA) for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles.
Maria Goeppert Mayer (Germany / USA) and J. Hans D. Jensen (Germany / West Germany) for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure.

Eugene Wigner

Maria Goeppert Mayer

J. Hans D. Jensen

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Karl Ziegler (Germany / West Germany) and Giulio Natta (Italy)

For their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers.

Karl Ziegler

Giulio Natta

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: John Eccles (Australia), Alan Hodgkin (UK) and Andrew Huxley (UK)

For their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane.

John Eccles

Alan Hodgkin

Andrew Huxley

The Nobel Prize in Literature: Giorgos Seferis (Greece)

For his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture.

Giorgos Seferis

The Nobel Peace Prize: Comité international de la Croix Rouge (Switzerland) and Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (Switzerland)

For promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN.

1974, Nobel Prizes (Oslo, Norway)

The Nobel Prize in Physics: Martin Ryle (UK) and Antony Hewish (UK)

For their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.

Martin Ryle

Antony Hewish

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Paul John Flory (USA)

For his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules.

Paul John Flory

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Albert Claude (Belgium), Christian de Duve (UK / Belgium) and George Emil Palade (Romania / USA)

For their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell.

Albert Claude

Christian de Duve

George Emil Palade

The Nobel Prize in Literature

Eyvind Johnson (Sweden) for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom.
Harry Martinson (Sweden) for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos.

Eyvind Johnson

Harry Martinson

The Nobel Peace Prize

Seán MacBride (France / Ireland) for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world.
Eisaku Satō (Japan) for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Seán MacBride

Eisaku Satō

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel: Gunnar Myrdal (Sweden) and Friedrich von Hayek (Austria)

For their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena.

Gunnar Myrdal

Friedrich von Hayek